For the first time since 2006, Newcastle disease has reemerged in Brazil, prompting swift action from agricultural and health authorities to prevent a potential outbreak. This highly contagious viral disease, which primarily affects birds, has historically had severe consequences for the poultry industry.
Newcastle disease, caused by the Newcastle disease virus (NDV) from the Paramyxoviridae family, infects a wide range of domestic and wild bird species. Symptoms include respiratory distress, nervous system impairments, and gastrointestinal issues, often leading to high mortality rates, especially in unvaccinated poultry.
Thanks to stringent biosecurity measures, regular vaccination programs, and continuous surveillance, Brazil had been free from Newcastle disease since 2006. The last outbreak led to significant economic losses and the culling of thousands of birds. The recent detection, confirmed by the Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, and Supply (MAPA), occurred at a commercial poultry farm in Paraná, a key region for poultry production.
In response, MAPA has implemented immediate measures to control the virus’s spread. The affected farm is under strict quarantine, with all infected birds being culled. Enhanced surveillance and testing are underway in surrounding areas, emergency vaccination campaigns are being rolled out, and biosecurity measures are being reinforced across the country.
This resurgence is a significant concern for Brazil’s poultry industry, one of the largest globally. Potential trade restrictions and economic repercussions could disrupt the sector, which provides employment to millions and supports numerous ancillary industries.
Although Newcastle disease primarily affects birds, it can occasionally infect humans, causing mild conjunctivitis and flu-like symptoms. Human infections are rare and typically occur among those in direct contact with infected birds. Public health authorities are closely monitoring the situation to protect both animal and human health.
The detection of Newcastle disease in Brazil highlights the importance of vigilant disease monitoring and robust biosecurity practices. The country’s agricultural authorities are working with international organizations, such as the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE), to manage the situation and prevent further outbreaks.
Brazil’s swift response demonstrates its commitment to maintaining the health of its poultry industry and protecting public health. Ongoing efforts in surveillance, vaccination, and biosecurity will be crucial in managing this threat and ensuring the stability of the poultry sector. Continuous updates from MAPA and other relevant bodies will provide essential information to farmers, industry stakeholders, and the public, aiming to contain the disease effectively and minimize its impact.
