The three most common sanitation systems are chlorine with acidification, chlorine dioxide, and hydrogen peroxide. Each have their own positive and negative aspects. To make sure the sanitizer is working properly, it is recommended to take water samples routinely. Simply go to the end of your line and get a clean, non-contaminated water sample with your sanitizer present in the water system.

Chlorine with Acidification

Pros

• Cost effective option
• Effective when used with less challenged water

Cons

• Not as effective in the presence of organic matter – cannot remove biofilm
• Corrosive to equipment when overused

Chlorine with acidification is a system that destroys organisms in the water using Hypochlorus acid (HOCI) and Hypochlorite ion (OCI). You must use two different pump systems with using both chlorine and acidification: one to pump in the acid and then one to pump in the chlorine. You should never mix the products together in the same open tank. When using chlorine with acidification, it is important to measure ORP levels.

Recommended values

• ORP should be ≥ 750
• Total chlorine (3-5ppm) with 5.5 – 6.5 pH

Chlorine Dioxide

Pros

• Very effective when used with challenged water (i.e. well water)
• Can eliminate biofilm
• Can eliminate odors from high sulfur/mineral water
• OMRI (Organic Materials Review Institute) approved and can be used in an organic system.

Cons

• When delivered manually, on site activation is time consuming and must be completed in a well-ventilated area
• Automatic systems can be more expensive system

Chlorine dioxide is a strong sanitizer made up of sodium chlorite and inorganic acid. It is an unstable form of chlorine that rapidly breaks down into harmless water and salt. The conversion from chlorite to is achieved by mixing the chlorite solution with citric acid, transforming the chlorite to chlorine dioxide (CL02). Simply mixing the two components together without adequate “dwell time” for activation results in little to no CLO2 being generated.

Delivery Methods

AANE (Automatic Activation No Electric) system

The best way to activate chlorite is by having a pump system such as an AANE (Automatic Activation No Electric) system that automatically mixes the acid and chlorite solution. This kind of system gives the solution appropriate time to activate and introduces the chlorine dioxide into the water system at your desired rate. When using a pump system use, between 1 and 5 ppm. The greater the health challenge, the higher ppm you want to use.

Manual

Alternatively, you can also mix the acid and chlorite solution manually into a separate bucket. Once you achieve activation you can then administer the product by mixing the desired rate into a stock solution and inject the product through a medicator or inject the activated solution through a pump. When using a 1:128 medicator mix 2 to 3 ounces of chlorine dioxide (5%) per gallon of stock solution. 5% chlorine dioxide products are more cost effective and overall work better than the 2% chlorine dioxide products. Activated product needs to be kept in a well-covered container to hold efficacy and the product should be covered up once initial activation is complete. Activated solution in a well-covered container will last 7 to 10 days.

Recommended values

• Desired levels of total chlorine should be 6-10 ppm with free chlorine at 3-5 ppm.

Hydrogen Peroxide

Pros

• Very powerful oxidizer
• Non corrosive to your equipment
• Can be ready to use (no mixing required)

Cons

• Must be very carefully handled for safety reasons
• Cannot be used in combination with chlorine
• Must be stored properly away from sunlight

Hydrogen peroxide products can also be a very effective tool to sanitize your water system. Like chlorine dioxide, hydrogen peroxide is a powerful oxidizer, up to two times more powerful than chlorine.

If you are mixing product into a stock solution and injecting the peroxide through a 1:128 medicator, 3 to 4 ounces per gallon of 50% peroxide can generally be used to achieve 25 to 50 ppm. If you are using a pump system, simply adjust your equipment to inject 25 to 50 ppm of product. The important thing to remember about hydrogen peroxide is that it should only be run for 4 to 5 consecutive days and then rotate back to your chlorine or sodium chlorite product for 4 to 5 days.

Recommended values

• 25-50 ppm of available peroxide. In certain health challenged situations, 100 ppm can be used, but this is considered a treatment level and should only be used for shorter durations.

Make sure whatever sanitizing program you choose, it should fit well into your system and should be effective at reaching the recommended values. For more information on water sanitation, contact a Hybrid representative.