As the specter of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) looms, poultry and bird owners are urged to bolster their biosecurity measures to mitigate the risk of transmission. HPAI, a disease carried by wild birds, poses a significant threat to domestic flocks and is caused by the influenza Type A virus.
Dr. Gerald Stokka, a veterinarian and livestock stewardship specialist at North Dakota State University Extension, emphasizes the importance of vigilance in detecting early signs of HPAI. Sudden, unexplained death among birds, coupled with a decline in water and feed consumption, could indicate the presence of the virus. Other symptoms, such as decreased egg production, depression in layers, and physical manifestations like purple or dry combs, warrant immediate attention from poultry owners.
To stem the spread of HPAI, Dr. Stokka underscores the need to minimize interactions between wildlife and domestic flocks. Wildlife and mammals, including foxes, coyotes, and raccoons, serve as vectors for transmission to domestic birds. NDSU Extension specialists have devised strategies to reduce this risk:
- Housing poultry until the risk of transmission diminishes
- Implementing non-lethal methods to deter wildlife
- Maintaining cleanliness around domestic flock housing to deter wildlife
- Practicing proper hygiene protocols, including changing clothes, washing hands, and disinfecting footwear after wildlife contact
- Reporting sick or deceased wildlife to relevant authorities
Mary Keena, a livestock environmental management specialist at NDSU Extension, stresses the pivotal role of biosecurity plans in safeguarding domestic flocks. Establishing a line of separation between clean flocks and potential sources of contamination, such as wildlife or visitors, is paramount.
In addition to wildlife, transmission between domestic flocks must also be minimized. Key measures include restricting access to property and flocks, avoiding contact with other poultry or bird owners, and implementing stringent cleaning and disinfection protocols.
Miranda Meehan, a livestock environmental stewardship specialist at NDSU Extension, highlights the repercussions of HPAI outbreaks on poultry products. Poultry testing positive for HPAI are prohibited from entering the marketplace, although properly handled and cooked poultry products remain safe for consumption.
Amidst the escalating threat of HPAI, adherence to robust biosecurity practices emerges as the frontline defense against the spread of the virus. By implementing proactive measures and fostering a culture of vigilance, poultry owners can safeguard their flocks and the broader poultry industry from the devastating impact of avian influenza.
